Neonate blood-brain barrier more intact than adults following stroke

 

The blood-brain barrier is selectively permeable and blocks unwanted molecules from entering into the brain. The selectivity is achieved through fine coordination in function of many transporting systems in endothelial cells, which line the interior of blood vessels, and communication between endothelial cells and several types of cells in the brain. When blood flow in an artery to the brain is blocked by a blood clot, as occurs in arterial stroke, brain energy metabolism is compromised, and ion and other transporting systems malfunction, leading to blood-brain disruption. The new finding suggests, the researchers said, that drugs used to treat stroke need to be tailored to the specific makeup of the neonate blood-brain barrier."How the blood-brain barrier responds to stroke in adults and neonates currently is poorly understood," said senior author Zinaida Vexler, PhD, director of research at the Neonatal Brain Disorders Centre at the Department of Neurology at UCSF.





"The assumption has been that at birth the blood-brain barrier is immature and thus permeable and that a neonatal brain responds in the same way to injury as an adult brain. This would mean that, after a stroke, the blood-brain barrier is an open gate and different molecules could go in and out, like a floodgate," she said. "But in neonatal stroke the situation is very different, and this study shows that the neonatal brain has the ability to protect itself by limiting blood-brain barrier permeability."In the study, the scientists examined the structural and functional aspects of the blood-brain barrier in live rats that had acute stroke, and found that the blood-brain barrier was markedly more intact in neonatal rats than in adult rats.

The study compared vascular responses to injury in an adult arterial stroke model and an age-appropriate model of neonatal arterial stroke using several blood-brain barrier permeability procedures. Injected molecules that remained in blood vessels under normal conditions leaked into the injured tissue of the adult rats, but the same molecules remained in vessels of neonatal injured rats within 24 hours after injury.

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